Handheld ham radios are valuable tools for ham radio operators due to their portability and versatility. These compact devices allow operators to communicate on the go, whether they are participating in outdoor activities, traveling, or involved in emergency situations. The convenience of a handheld ham radio cannot be overstated, as it enables operators to stay connected and engaged with fellow operators and emergency services, even when conventional means of communication are unavailable.
Bands
HT’s operate mostly in the UHF (Ultra High Frequency) and the VHF (Very High Frequency) bands. In the US this translates to UHF transmissions in the 420 MHz to 450 MHz space (also referred to as the 70cm band). For VHF 144 MHz to 148 MHz (also known as the 2m band) and 222-225 MHz (also referred to as the 1.25m band). Please note, this is for the US, please consult your local government or region band plans for verification.)
Not all HT’s can broadcast on all of the frequencies. In fact most HT’s will support dual bands in some form usually with 2m and 70cm support. There are a couple of “tri-band” HT’s that will also support 1.25.
Digital Modes
Some HT’s offer a multitude of digital modes that enhance communication capabilities for amateur radio operators. These digital modes enable efficient data transfer, and improved signal quality. Some examples include:
- Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS)
- D-STAR (Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio)
- System Fusion
- DMR (Digital Mobile Radio)
This is not an exhaustive list but a small example. Generally most any HT’s can be enabled to do packet radio communications where you can connect a digital device (a laptop ) with your HT with the appropriate interface equipment and perform digital communications. Some HT’s have APRS functionality built in to the radio it self.
DMR
DMR, D-Star, and System Fusion are all digital modes used in amateur radio communications, each with its own features and capabilities. DMR (Digital Mobile Radio) is an open standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). It offers efficient spectrum usage, excellent audio quality, and allows for simultaneous voice and data transmission. DMR radios utilize time-division multiple access (TDMA) technology, enabling two conversations simultaneously on one frequency.
D-Star
On the other hand, D-Star (Digital Smart Technologies for Amateur Radio) is a proprietary digital voice and data protocol developed by the Japan Amateur Radio League (JARL). It uses digital voice compression and error correction techniques, resulting in clear and high-quality audio. D-Star radios can also connect to reflectors and gateways, offering global communication using the internet.
System Fusion
System Fusion, developed by Yaesu, is another digital mode for amateur radio. It supports both analog FM and digital transmissions in one radio, allowing for easy transition and backward compatibility. System Fusion utilizes C4FM (Continuous 4-Level Frequency Modulation) technology, providing efficient use of bandwidth and robust communication capabilities.
In terms of interoperability, DMR and System Fusion are more compatible with various brands and models of radios from different manufacturers. D-Star, being a proprietary technology, has primarily been adopted by Icom radios, although some cross-compatibility between D-Star and other modes is possible through the use of hotspots and gateways.
Overall, each of these digital modes offers distinct advantages and capabilities, and the choice between them depends on individual preferences, equipment availability, and local community adoption.
What to Buy
Again I would recommend thinking about what you want to do, whats your purpose of using a HT. Second what are people using around you in a club or region. Also think about repeaters in your area and what frequencies they support. Think about the digital modes you may want to try.
Cost
Finally cost kicks in here. For a fully featured loaded out HT can run upwards of $600 or more. But there are some very capable HT’s available in the $50 to $60 range that gets you on the air. More expensive does not always equal better.